The Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Essay -- Biography Biogra

The Legendary Musician, Ray Charles Robinson Ray Charles Robinson was born on September 23, 1930 in Albany Georgia. Hisfather was Bailey Robinson, a railroad repair man, and his mother wasRetha. His father never married his mother. His legal wife was Mary Jane,who also helped to raise Charles. By the time he was three, young Charles was learning to play the piano.When he was five his brother, who was three at the time, drowned. A fewmonths later Charles got the disease that would make him go blind by thetime he was seven. After he became totally blind at the age of seven, Charles went to aschool for the blind in St. Augustine, Florida, where he learned to playthe trumpet, the saxophone, the clarinet, and organ, though his preferredinstrument is still the piano. When Charles was 15, his mother died from food poisoning. He decided tobecome a musician soon afterward and he set out on his own. He played withvarious band throughout Florida until he was seventeen. He then wanted toget as far away as possible from Tampa and also stay in the United...

Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - Frame Narrative Essay -- Wuthering

Wuthering Heights Frame Narrative Frame narrative is set forth as a story within a story. In each frame, a different individual is narrating the events of the story. There are two main frames in the novel Wuthering Heights. The first is an overlook provided by Mr. Lockwood, and the second is the most important. It is provided by Nelly dean, who tells the story from a first-person perspective, and depicts the events that occur through her life at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Nelly Dean is a native of the moors and has lived all her life with the characters whose story she tells. Although she is an uneducated woman, Emily Bronte manages to express Nelly as a capable storyteller in two explanations. The first is how Lockwood comments on her intelligence and expression, and believes she is one of the more intelligent minds of the moors Excepting a few provincialisms of slight consequence, you have no marks of the manners which I am habituated to consider as peculiar t o your class. I am sure that you have thought a good deal more than the generality of retainers think. You have been compelled to cultivate your reflective faculties for call for of occasion for frittering your life away in silly trifles. The second explanation of Nellys thought and expression is through the wisdom she has achieved through the harsh school she has endured over her life, and through the good libraries at the Heights and Grange that have given her knowledge and a wide vocabulary. Miss. Dean never mentions anyone ... ...es he minded teensy what tale was told since he had what he wanted. Her criticism of the other characters and her loyalty towards them not only make her a good narrator, but also an excellent servant and a confidant to the characters. Even though she is a servant, her intelligence and knowledge of self-worth create equality between her and the other characters, giving her the ability to speak her mind. Nellys narration comes from being closely and privately involved in the lives of the characters in the story. She not only acts as a witness to the events in their lives, but also as somewhat of a judge and critic to their actions. Nelly is our guide through the story, and without her voice, we would never be aware of the strange and amazing events that occurred in Wuthering Heights.

Spirit Of The Game Essay -- essays research papers

The Spirit of the GameThis was one of the near inspiring books I have ever read. It spoke about periods of time throughout the evolving of one of Americas most intense and loved games. The book was split up into two large sections and then split up into chapters inside the sections. The first section was called The Spirit. The first chapter of this section deals with the early stages of development in the game. From the beginning hockey was known as a sport of integrity, grit, difficult work all mixed in with a little class. Some of the most influential hockey players of all time such as Dan Bain, netkeeper for the 1899-1900 Winnipeg Victorias represented all these things that represent what hockey is all about. The next chapter in the section is called Team Game. This chapter in my opinion talks about the most alpha part of the game, which is teamwork. In the beginning hockey did not have all the individually talented players of today, it was all about the team. The 1932 Detr oit Falcons, which would soon be, renamed the Red Wings were a prime example of a 1920-1950s-hockey team. Not one player on the team tried to put their own individual statistics before the team, no look how good they were. With this intense team playing style they won the Stanley cup the following season. The next and final chapter in section 1 was Behind the Bench. The most substantial role is not being played on the ice, but behind the bench by the coaches. The coaches in any sport set the savor a...

Ethanol as an Alternative Energy Source Essays -- Biofuel Bio Fuel Ess

Biofuels Ethanol an Alternative Energy SourceAbstractIn todays society, when someone wants to go to the movies, work, school, library, or mall, they drive to their destination. The average heart and soul of gasoline consumed per year is about 146 gallons in the U.S. (Biofuels for Transportation, p1). Discoveries of huge petroleum deposits kept gasoline cheap for decades and biofuels were forgotten (Leen, p1). However, with the recent inunct prices, along with growing concern of global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions, biofuel regained popularity (Leen, p1). Ethanol, a renewable fuel made from corrects was added to gasoline to increase octane and help the engines make out more efficiently and cleanly (West,p1).IntroductionEthanol or ethyl alcohol (EtOH) is an alternative energy source which produces a fuel with higher octane order and fewer emissions than unblended gas (West, p1). Some sources used to make ethyl alcohol atomic number 18 sugar canes, maize, sorghum, fr uit and vegetable waste, barley, wheat, potatoes, molasses, cotton, or any other plant that contains a large amount of sugar. But the leading U.S fuel crop is corn. Corn byproducts allow more fuel to be made from the same amount of corn by breaking down the starches in its cell walls (Benefits, p3). The enzyme Tran 2 increases production of alcohol from corn by 2% to 3% (Benefits, p3).There are four steps toward making ethanol. First, the feedstock is ground for easier processing, then when the sugar is dissolved from the ground materials, the microbes feed on the sugar producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts (West, p2). Lastly, the ethanol is purified to achieve the correct concentration (West, p3). This grain alcohol is a colorless and flammable as well as drin... ...http//journey tofor ever.org/ethanol.html.2.Martinez, Scott. Ethanol. 12 Sept 2005. WiseGeeks, Wisegeek.com/ what-is-ethanol-fuel.htm, 22 July 2008.3.Sunshine John. What is Ethanol Fuel? 8 July 2008. Ethan ol. 20 July 2008. .4.Unknown. Biofuels. Alternative Energy. 25 July 2008. .5. Unknown. Genomes to Life. 2007 July 10. Biofuels for Transportation.19 July 2008. .6. Unknown. The Benefits of Biomass. 2006 Sept 18. Bioenergy. 18 July 2008. .7.West, Lester. What is Ethanol? 13 March 2005. About. 17 July 2008. ethanol.htm.

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary :: Medieval Archaeology Essays

Thomas Bateman A Derbyshire AntiquaryThomas Bateman was born in 1821 at Rowsley, in the Derbyshire pennant District. His archaeologic career, though relatively brief, is noteworthy both for its abundance, and the fact that his barrow-openings in Derbyshire and Staffordshire provide virtually the only evidence for the early Medieval archaeology of the rush District and the elusive Peak Dwellers.Thomass father, William Bateman, was an amateur antiquarian and pursued his pastime in accomplishing the excavation of a number of barrows on the family estate at Middleton. When William Bateman died in 1835 aged only 38, Thomass upbringing and education were taken in hand by his grandfather. Thomas was educated at the non-conformist academy at Bootle, and from 1837 assisted in running the family estate, while in his spare time exploring the peakland, hunting, shooting, collecting flints and examining the many local ancient monuments. Bateman became a keen student of archaeology and read and was greatly influenced by Sir Richard Colt Hoares seminal work Ancient Wiltshire.In 1841, Thomas reached his majority and set up his let house in Bakewell. He pursued an adulterous affair with Mary Ann Mason, the wife of a boatman on the Cromford Canal, and for a some years they lived together as husband and wife, though they never married.Batemans archaeological career began by observing the demolition of Bakewells Medieval church. In 1843, he joined the newly formed British Archaeological Association, set up as a reaction to the influence of the Society of Antiquaries. Bateman attended the Canterbury Archaeological Congress of 1844 with Mary Mason, passing her off as his wife. At about this time, Bateman built his own country house, Lomberdale, at Middleton, where he continued to live with Mary Mason. The house incorporated many of the architectural fragments rescued from Bakewell Church and Bateman set up a museum there to hold his growing archaeological and ethnographic colle ction. Barrow Digging 1845-1861Batemans career as a barrow digger began in the 1840s. While at the 1844 Canterbury Congress he, along with other delegates, excavated a number of barrows in the countryside around Canterbury. In 1845, Bateman excavated 38 barrows in Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and was dubbed the Barrow Knight in a metrical composition by fellow antiquarian Stephen Isaacson. In 1845 and 1846 Bateman toured the north of England with Mary Mason, and carried out excavations in York, where construction of the new railway was levelling a part of the city walls.

Thomas Bateman: A Derbyshire Antiquary :: Medieval Archaeology Essays

Thomas Bateman A Derbyshire AntiquaryThomas Bateman was born in 1821 at Rowsley, in the Derbyshire Peak District. His archaeological career, though relatively brief, is noteworthy both for its abundance, and the fact that his barrow-openings in Derbyshire and Staffordshire provide virtually the only evidence for the advance(prenominal) Medieval archaeology of the Peak District and the elusive Peak Dwellers.Thomass father, William Bateman, was an amateur antiquarian and pursued his pastime in accomplishing the excavation of a number of barrows on the family estate at Middleton. When William Bateman died in 1835 aged only 38, Thomass upbringing and education were taken in hand by his grandfather. Thomas was educated at the non-conformist academy at Bootle, and from 1837 assisted in running the family estate, while in his spare time exploring the peakland, hunting, shooting, collecting flints and examining the many local ancient monuments. Bateman became a keen schoolchild of archaeo logy and read and was greatly influenced by Sir Richard Colt Hoares seminal work Ancient Wiltshire.In 1841, Thomas reached his majority and set up his own house in Bakewell. He pursued an illicit affair with Mary Ann Mason, the wife of a boatman on the Cromford Canal, and for a some years they lived together as economize and wife, though they never married.Batemans archaeological career began by observing the demolition of Bakewells Medieval church. In 1843, he joined the newly formed British archeologic Association, set up as a reaction to the influence of the Society of Antiquaries. Bateman attended the Canterbury Archaeological Congress of 1844 with Mary Mason, passing her off as his wife. At about this time, Bateman built his own country house, Lomberdale, at Middleton, where he continued to live with Mary Mason. The house incorporated many of the architectural fragments rescued from Bakewell church service and Bateman set up a museum there to hold his growing archaeological and ethnographic collection. Barrow Digging 1845-1861Batemans career as a barrow shovelful began in the 1840s. While at the 1844 Canterbury Congress he, along with other delegates, excavated a number of barrows in the countryside around Canterbury. In 1845, Bateman excavated 38 barrows in Derbyshire and Staffordshire, and was dubbed the Barrow knight in a poem by fellow antiquarian Stephen Isaacson. In 1845 and 1846 Bateman toured the north of England with Mary Mason, and carried out excavations in York, where construction of the new railway was levelling a part of the city walls.

Marxist Understanding of Family Essay

Examine the Marxist contribution to our understanding of the family The Marxists party insure family through the eyes of capitalist economy and that the proletariat (the manoeuvering class) solely benefit the bourgeoisie (the ruling class), whereas a functionalists perspective of family is that they should benefit both society and idiosyncratic members of the family, however, Marists argue family is simply an instrument of the ruling class.Marxists believe family in todays society perform key ideological functions for capitalism, a set of ideas/beliefs that condone inequality, a system that persuades the public into accepting this is a fair and natural way to act in society. Capitalism is an economic system in which underc everywhere ownership controls all of the means of production for profit and exploits the proletariat class, selling their products for more money than paying the working class for their labour.Benefits that the family append through capitalism include the in heritance of confidential prop, socialisation into acceptance of inequality and a source of profits all of these which do not benefit the members of the family. Capitalism leads to family playing a major role in profits as they are the market for the sale of consumer goods. Family fulfil this role by persuading families to keep up with the Joneses by consuming the latest products, pester power which persuades parents to spend more on their children, especially if their child do not have the latest gadgets, clothes etcetera nd being mocked because of this.The capitalist system requires nuclear monogamous relationships as it is needed for private ownership, as said by Friedrich Engels. A sociologist, Friedrich Engels, alongside Karl Marx, examine family from a Marxist perspective and traced the changes of family to the mode of production. Engels explains that society has not always been exploited by the bourgeoisie, in fact, the means of production were collectively owned. Engel s theorized that as society changed, more restrictions of norms and values in a family were placed on sexual relationships and the production of children.Primitive communism was described as a large faint horde however, family and marriage have evolved through stages which included polygyny evolving into the monogamous nuclear family. This form of family is believed to have developed to solve the problem of inheritance of private property because there would be no confusion about the paternity of their offspring, whereas a promiscuous horde would have difficulty defining who the father of their offspring was.Gough approves of Engels controls claiming they have a sound basis agreeing that when the means of production is shared tend to be have larger units, however, as the means of production moves towards private ownership, the family size decreases. Nevertheless, criticisms against Engels theory by Lewis Henry Morgan claimed Engels studies are a figment of his imagination, due to the fact Morgan found out that monogamous marriages and the nuclear family existed.However, Eli Zaretskys view on family is linked to the Marxist view, that they are just a unit of consumption the major consumer of capitalist products and that the modern capitalist society creates an partiality of private family life as the family cannot meet its familys needs. Zaretsky sees that the family is an apparent safe haven due to the fact individuals were alienated at work which built up stress, however, families were unable to provide for the personal needs of its members.Family basically provided satisfactions which were unavailable out in public. Zaretsky argues that the ideology of the private family life is separate from the economy as he also feels the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariat for their own gains. Marxists feel that there are many institutions that the capitalist system are maintaining within society such as education which provides secondary socialisation which prep ares children for adult life, working for the bourgeoisie, and institution of healthcare from the NHS who provides free healthcare.This is also seen to benefit the bourgeoisie as free medical exam care for patients mean they will recover quicker in order to go back to work and serve interests of capitalism. However, these perspectives from a Marxists view of family are super criticized for being too deterministic, not giving enough credit to individuals, overly emphasizing the importance of the economic systems effect on family structures.Critics also suggest Marxists are too negative on family, ignoring realistic benefits of the family such as intimacy and mutual support rather than reproduction just to provide the next generation. Also, this perspective on family is proved to be very outdated as the rise of alternative family and types of menage have changed within society over the years and the fact that Marxism blame capitalism for lack of responsibility in individuals, even in non-capitalist countries such as Cuba, where do the problems come from there if they do not suffer capitalism?Other opposing perspectives of the Marxist view on family come from Feminists who argue that Marxists emphasize on social class, underestimating the importance of sex activity inequalities within the family and Functionalists such as Parsons believe that family are not present to serve capitalism. Talcott Parsons believes the family is like a warm bath in which family life helps individuals relieves their stresses from work at home.To conclude, the Marxist view of family proves to be quite negative on the concept of family, stating that the proletariat are being exploited by the bourgeoisie as a unit of consumption (said by Zaretsky), and other than that, serve no other purpose but to reproduce for the inheritance of property (said by Engels). Edmund Leach, although not a Marxist, has a consensus view of family, pointing out problems found within the nuclear family, pres enting a pessimistic view of the family.Leach says that todays domestic household is isolated with large amounts of emotional stress in individuals which results into the nuclear family becoming like an overloaded electrical circuit causing fuses to blow due to heights demands. Because of this, conflict is present parents begin to fight and children rebel. Leachs view is diametrically opposed to the Functionalists as Parsons feels that the nuclear family makes up a supportive unit, whereas Zaretsky thinks that this view is too positive and this happy family is an illusion and is a fake impression of reality.However, Engels believe that the nuclear family did not exist in pre-industrial society, but promiscuous hordes did instantaneously in todays society, that has changed due to serial monogamy being seen as a set norm and inheritance can function for capitalism. Feminists differ saying that this perspective ignores gender, Morgan stating that Engels has imagined this theory and Functionalists claiming the nuclear family is in fact a natural process, not deliberately changed for the bourgeoisie.

Eagle Machine Company Essay

EAGLE MACHINE COMPANY The Eagle Machine Company has fallen on bad times. Eagle, a maker of specialty restaurant equipment, has sales totaling $72 million, but sales are declining while costs continue to increase. If things continue in this direction, Eagle soon may have to close its doors. At a special management meeting, the president lays it on the line He demands that the firm break even in the remaining quarter of the year. For next year, he calls for profits of 5 percent, a 20 percent increase in sales, and deeper cuts in labor, material, and overhead.Later in the day, the president calls pass Stone, director of supply management, in for a discussion. Sally, I want your supply management people to carry the ball at the start of the game. We cant get sales sorrowful for six months. But you can improve your housekeepingand Eagles profitsright away. Just think what you can do to that chart all(prenominal) penny you save is profit So post a close look at what you buy. I dont ca re how you make your nest eggby negotiations, inventories, imports, anything. But put the screws on tightright away Start with inventories, theyre sky-high. So get together with manufacturing on a 10 percent cutWeve got $12 million worth of materials stashed away around here, and a 10 percent cut would save at least $300,000 a year in carrying charges. At the same time, get your payroll and operating expenses down 10 percent. That is in line with our companywide cutback. I know this hurts, Sally, because youve got some the right way fine people here in supply management, but we cant be sentimental these days. Our overhead has got to come downor were dead Im having an executive committee meeting in one week. Have your plans ready by that time Were betting on you, Sally. Sally reports to the president, as do other department heads. Sally learns from inventory control that raw stock inventory is $12. 2 million. The marketing manager controls end goods stocks. Sally wonders how she c an deliver the cost reduction and still keep her department and supplier relations in shape for the long pull. 1. What actions should Sally take to reduce inventories by 10 percent? 2. What dangers, if any, are there in reducing inventories? 3. In what ways could the cost of goods purchased be reduced? 4. What position should Sally take on the presidents plan to reduce the supply management payroll by 10 percent?

Morality in Islam Essay

Morals are the monetary standards set by society for an ethical military man behavior. It can overly be called the ability to distinguish surrounded by right and wrong. Morality is the adherence to the honorable values present in the society, especially the following of good moral conduct. Islam is a comprehensive way of life, and moral philosophy is one of the cornerstones Islam. Morality is one of the fundamental sources of a nations strength, just as im pietism is one of the main causes of a nations decline. Islam has established some universal fundamental rights for humanity as a whole, which are to be observed in all dower.To uphold these rights, Islam has provided not totally legal safeguards, however also a very effective moral system. Thus, whatever leads to the welfare of the individual or the society and does not oppose all maxims of the religion is morally good in Islam, and whatever is harmful is morally bighearted. Given its importance in a wellnessy society, Islam supports morality and matters that lead to it, and stands in the way of corruption and matters that lead to it. The guiding principle for the behavior of a Islamic is Virtuous Deeds. This line covers all deeds, not only acts of worship. The withstander and Judge of all deeds is paragon Himself.Morals in the general society might have evolved considerably over the centuries but their main theatrical role remains the same i. e. to practice good behavior and abstain from ill doings and in referee. The pursuit of justice, tolerance and fairness has been appreciated and upheld by man for centuries, and scorn for evil doings and cruelty has been ever present. Morality has a very important role in the religion of Islam and in the life of a Muslim. Islam tells us that the conscience of a person has it in him to do good deeds and refrain from evil. The Holy Quran calls good, maruf-a well known things and evil, munkar-an unknown thing.It means that it is wanted to do good deeds a nd undesirable to indulge in evil practices. The Quran says By the Soul And the proportion and order given to it, and its enlightenment as to its wrong and its right- truly he succeeds that purifies it, and he fails that corrupts it. (917-10) The moral values in Islam deal with the proportionship of a man with his God, man with his fellow beings and the mans relationship with his soul. The moral codes given to Muslims to follow are Divine guidance from Allah himself. These codes and values stand the screen of time and are universal in their nature. mavin can realize how much importance and is given to morals in Islam. The Holy Prophet (pbuh) said that the good manners and morals were the real test of a mans excellence. He (pbuh) said The best of you are those who have the most excellent morals. The moral values of Islam are instrumental towards creating a flushed and a sustainable society. The moral values in Islam emphasize on piety, patience, forgiveness, justice, kindness br otherhood, equality, truthfulness, lawful earning and acquisition of knowledge. The Holy Quran signifying the value of justice says for Allah loves those who are fair and just. (499) The morals in Islam also incorporate the conduct of an individual towards his parents, spouse, relatives and neighbors. Islam instructs the follower to give his fellow beings their due rights and complete his obligations towards them. The guidance for human beings to live their life in Islam comes with Divine commands. The promise of paradise, and the warning from the inexplicably hot fire of the hell, motivates the believer to follow the right path. The Divine guidance sets the standard for the most excellent possible moral behavior.Importance of morality in Islam is beautifully captured in the saying of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) The thing which will adopt the majority of the people enter Paradise is fear of Allah and good manners. he most fundamental characteristics of a Muslim are piety and humility . A Muslim moldiness(prenominal) be humble with God and with other people And turn not your face away from people (with pride), nor walk in insolence through the earth. Verily, God likes not each arrogant boaster. And be moderate (or show no insolence) in your walking, and lower your voice. Verily, the harshest of all voices is the voice (braying) of the ass. (Quran 3118-19) Muslims must be in hold backs of their passions and desires. A Muslim should not be vain or attached to the ephemeral pleasures of this foundation. While most people allow the material world to fill their black Maria, Muslims should keep God in their hearts and the material world in their hand. Instead of being attached to the car and the job and the diploma and the aver account, all these things become tools to make us better people. The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail, but only he (will prosper) that brings to God a enceinte heart. (Quran 2688-89) Principles of Morality in Islam.God sums up duty in verse 177 of Surat Al Baqarah It is not clean-handedness that you turn your faces towards East or west but it is righteousness (the quality of ) the one who believes in God and the Last Day and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers who spends of his wealth, in spite of love for it, to the kinsfolk, to the orphans, to the needy, to the wayfarer, to those who ask and for the freeing of slaves and who is steadfast in prayers, and gives Zakah (Alms) and those who fulfill their covenants which they made and who are patient and perseverant in poverty and ailment and throughout all periods of fighting.Such are the people of truth, the pious. This verse teaches us that righteousness and piety is based before all else on a true and sincere faith. The key to virtue and good conduct is a quick relation with God, who sees all, at all times and everywhere. He knows the secrets of the hearts and the intentions behind all actions. Therefore, a Muslim must be moral in all circ umstances God is aware of each one when no one else is. If we deceive everyone, we cannot deceive Him. We can flee from anyone, but not from Him.The love and continuous knowingness of God and the Day of Judgment enables man to be moral in conduct and sincere in intentions, with devotion and dedication Indeed, the most honorable among you in the sight of God is the most pious. (Quran 4913) Then come deeds of charity to others, especially giving things we love. This, like acts of worship, prayers and Zakah (mandatory alms), is an integral part of worship. A righteous person must be reliable and trustworthy. Finally, their faith must be firm and should not wane when faced with adversity.Morality must be strong to vanquish corruption And God loves those who are firm and steadfast. Patience is often hardest and most beautiful when its against ones own desires or rage And march forth toward forgiveness from your Lord, and for Paradise as wide as are the heavens and the earth, prepared for the pious. Those who spend (in the way of God) in prosperity and in adversity, who repress anger, and who pardon people verily, God loves the doers of the good deeds. (Quran 3133) These three acts are among the hardest things for most people, but they are also the key to forgiveness and to paradise. be they not the best, those who are able to exercise charity when they are in need themselves, control when they are stormy and forgiveness when they are wronged? This is the standard by which actions are judged as good or bad. By making pleasing God the objective of every Muslim, Islam has set the highest possible standard of morality. Morality in Islam addresses every aspect of a Muslims life, from greetings to international relations. It is universal in its scope and in its applicability. Morality reigns in selfish desires, vanity and bad habits.Muslims must not only be virtuous, but they must also enjoin virtue. They must not only refrain from evil and vice, but they must also forbid them. In other words, they must not only be morally healthy, but they must also contribute to the moral health of society as a whole. You are the best of the nations raised up for (the benefit of) men you enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and believe in God and if the followers of the Book had believed it would have been better for them of them (some) are believers and most of them are transgressors. (Quran 3110) The Prophet, may the mercy and blessings of God be upon him, summarized the conduct of a Muslim when he saidMy sustainer has given me nine commands to remain conscious of God, whether in private or in public to speak justly, whether angry or pleased to show moderateness both when poor and when rich, to reunite friendship with those who have broken off with me to give to him who refuses me that my silence should be occupied with thought that my looking should be an animadversion and that I should command what is right. The love and continuous awareness of God and the Day of Judgment enables man to be moral in conduct and sincere in intentions, with devotion and dedication. The Glorious Quran also saysSay the things that my Lord hath indeed forbidden are shameful deeds, whether open or secret sins and trespasses against truth or reason assigning of partners to Allah, for which He hath given no authority and saying things about Allah of which ye have no knowledge. Al-Quran 733It is enkindle that the Quran refers to sins and trespasses against truth or reason.It is an indication of Gods blessing to every human being, of an innate moral sense. Such a moral sense, when mere by family or society, is what leads people to commendable acts of virtue. Islam aims to enhance and amplify the moral sense in every human being and adorn the individuals character with the noblest of virtues. The Islamic moral principles therefore, appeal naturally to the human intellect, while elevating the pursuit of morality to the level of worship. This is becau se Islam holds every action that is done with the goal of attaining of Gods pleasure to be worship. Morality and the individual The guiding principle for the behavior of a Muslim is what the Quran refers to as Al Amal Assalih or virtuous deeds. This term covers all deeds, not just the outward acts of worship. Some of the most primary character traits expect of a Muslim are piety, humility and a deep sense of accountability to God. A Muslim is expected to be humble before God and with other people. Islam also enjoins upon every Muslim to exercise control of their passions and desires.Islam warns against vanity and excessive attachment to the ephemeral pleasures of this world. While it is easy to allow the material world to fill our hearts, Islam calls upon human beings to keep God in their hearts and to use the material world in moderation and in accordance with Gods guidance. The Glorious Quran says The Day whereon neither wealth nor sons will avail, but only he (will prosper) that brings to Allah a sound heart Al-Quran 2688-89 Charity is one of the most commendable acts in Islam.In fact, Zakah, the annual charity that is prerequisite on every Muslim who has accrued wealth above a certain level, is one of the pillars of Islam. Gratitude in prosperity, patience in adversity, and the courage to uphold the truth, all the same when inconvenient to oneself, are just some of the qualities that every Muslim is encouraged to cultivate. Morality and Society For an individual as well as a society, morality is one of the fundamental sources of strength, just as immorality is one of the main causes of decline.While respecting the rights of the individual within a broad Islamic framework, Islam is also bear on with the moral health of the society. Thus, everything that leads to the welfare of the individual and the society is morally good in Islam, and whatever is harmful is morally bad. Given its importance to a healthy and just society, Islam supports morality and ma tters that lead to the enhancement of morality, and stands in the way of corruption and matters that lead to the spreading of corruption.The injunctions and prohibitions in Islam are to be seen in this light evidence Morality in Islam addresses every aspect of a Muslims life, from greetings to international relations. It is universal in its scope and in its applicability. A Muslim is expected to not only be virtuous, but to also enjoin virtue. He/She must not only refrain from evil and vice, but must also actively engage in asking people to eschew them. In other words, they must not only be morally healthy, but must also contribute to the moral health of society as a whole.The Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) summarized the conduct of a Muslim when he said My Sustainer has given me nine commands to remain conscious of God, whether in private or in public to speak justly, whether angry or pleased to show moderation both when poor and when rich, to reunite friendship with those w ho have broken off with me to give to him who refuses me that my silence should be occupied with thought that my looking should be an admonition and that I should command what is right.

Marketing Plan for Pharmasim

A) Executive Summary The management team at the all over-the-counter refrigerant medicinal drug (OCM) aggroup of Allstar Brands is looking to utilize receipts generated by Allround to help fund new opportunities in emerging trades. Therefore, it is critical that Allround maintain its grocery-leading position in terms of market sh be, profitability, and gross revenue in magnitude to fund these new initiatives. While Allround is a leader in tick awargonness and brand most frequently secured, there argon direct competitors to Allround.These competitors gap various crossings from general cold medicine offerings to single- expend medicines. It is likely that these companies result continue to develop new offerings in that argonna to ingest greater coverage across different segments. To defend against these moves, the Allround brand must expand its business line, and introduce new harvest-feasts to the market. This leave alone provide an additional area for increase and revenue, concede the company to substance abuse the strong brand recognition to help launch the new harvests, and determine that the product lineup is make fulling present-day(prenominal) consumer trends and demands.Our gross revenue force works with the businesss large retailers/chain stores (direct sales) or with wholesalers/retailers (indirect sales) to ensure prominent product appearment. Our sales force also works to maintain relationships with the key ratiocination makers at each of these channels. If these relationships are damaged, there is a direct impact to sales and therefore profitability. Our outlined merchandise plan ordain work to strengthen these relationships and al modest for a dialog with the channels that impart be invaluable for our organization.It is evident that Allstar Brands needs a detailed selling plan in order to positively progress in the future. Outlined below are the key areas in a trade plan as well as suggestions for achieving our mark eting objectives. B) positioning and Environment Analysis SWOT Analysis Strengths Allround has the highest brand sentience of any another(prenominal)(a) competitor. Allround has the highest market pct based on sales revenue for over-the-counter medicine. Allstar is the market leader in the cold remedy market. Weaknesses Allround has a low customer retention rate compared to almost other competitor brands. Allstars current product offering however focuses on the cold category, which is a small portion of the total available market. Allstar has a small sales force to pass on its product. Only 14% of total marketing expenses portiond to sales force. Product placement in stores is non optimum. Allround contains alcohol, which is a side effect that consumers dislike. Allstar has only one product on the market. Consumer preference is leading to capsule form, and most competitors already supplying in capsule form.Opportunities Allstar has the ability to tap into anoth er segment of the market by offering a brand extension, such as the cough or allergy segments. -Allstar has the ability to add brand extensions that fit customer needs. -Allstar crapper demand the alcohol from its product line. Threats -Consumers perceive alcoholic content in OTC medication negatively. -Other OTC competitors are receiving higher doctor recommendations than Allround. -Allround has a lower customer retention rate compared to other competitor brands. Allstar is only focusing on the cold category, which makes up a small portion of the available market. -Product placement in stores not optimal compared to competition. -Introduction of new products by competitors can erode Allstars market share. Competitors CompanyAllstarB&BEthikDriscolCompetitor Summary Brand NameAllroundBesthelpExtraDryup Market SegmentColdAllergy/ColdCough/Cold/NasalAllergy/Nasal/ColdDiversified in other market segments Product4-hr multi symptom cold liquid4-hr cold capsule12-hr cold capsule4 hr mult i-symptom cold capsuleAll cold medicine in capsule form Price$5. 9$4. 89$4. 49$5. 09Lower MSRP unit set for competitors Market share40. 4%25. 2%19. 5%14. 9%59. 6% Share Cold sales Revenue$355M$222M$172M$131M$525M Total Sales$355M$286M$395M$255M$936M/$1491(63%) % of Business Related to Cold Sales100%78%44%51% Cold Sales $s Period 0$355M$222M$172M$130M$879M Total Allstars major competitors are B&B, Ethik, and Driscol. All competitors of Allstars are diversified into other categories of the OTC market and not dependent upon just the cold segment. This is one area where Allstar can potentially improve its sales and diversify its product lines.Although Allstar has the highest brand awareness, it also has the highest price amongst competitors. The fact that Allround has a strong reputation in the market place due to the product effectiveness allows Allround to maintain a higher price than its competition. All other competitors supply its OTC in capsule form, which is the preferred rule of consumption by consumers. Allstar must be aware of the various formulations of the competitors, be selective in considering new products to market, and hold attention to newly offered products and the markets the competitors are targeting.The Allstar team needs to reassess the strategy and approach each arrest based upon competitor information while maintaining the long-run strategic objectives. Economics Allstar must observe the economic conditions when deciding the appropriate budget allocations to publicizing, sales force, promotion, and tax write-offs. Inflation is a major influential factor that can affect total determine and the be of goods sold, which result affect the companys bottom line. In order to sustain proper pricing, Allstars marketing team must monitor splashiness and deflation in the market place to determine the optimum pricing strategy.Allstar must go under its pricing to reflect inflation rates in the market as this will have a negative impact to net income, as costs will continue to rise. Social/Cultural Allstar must focus on the needs of its customers and monitor any motleys in the behaviors of its consumers. One factor to consider is the amount of medication in Allround and the perceptions of physicians and consumers. Obtaining recommendations from the aesculapian community is crucial to the success of the product, as some consumers look on the advice from physicians.Some doctors may not recommend Allround because of the alcohol content or that the multi-symptom formulation contains excessively much medicine. Our team must decide the outgo formulations of OTC medications that meet the needs of the consumers while at the same time satisfy the medical community in terms of medicinal content and brand effectiveness. Allstar must also consider motivational factors to get consumers to continue to buy our products and the appropriate sales force and incentives to motivate the sales force to promote our brand.Some consumers are motivated to purchase based upon coupons. Motivational factors vary for the various sales channels large market place stores, mass merchandisers, and chain drugstores are incentivized by derangement and allowances, and independent drugstores by the number of sales people on the account. Allstar must ensure the appropriate allocation and combination of promotion and sales force to ensure our product gets the optimum attention and exposure. Political/LegalThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the amount of medication that can be contained in a single dot and the frequency in which a consumer should consume the dosage. In selecting new products, the Allstar marketing team must select products that will avert potential risks for the company. Selecting a product that has not received FDA approval could delay time to market and miss a potential sales window. Introducing a product to the market that has higher than mediocre the recommended ingredients could be a potenti al risk should the FDA impose stricter regulations on the amount of ingredients.The team will pay close attention to the formulations offered before introducing these to the market place, scrutinise the ingredient type and amount of medication in each, and assess the risk associated to the potential regulation of the product. Natural Environment Climate change is an ongoing meet and can affect the weather patterns and temperature fluctuations, which can affect the health of the population as a whole. Changes in climate could potentially sum up or drop the demand for OTC products. The team must monitor symptoms of consumers and offer products that meet the needs of the consumers.Currently, the most reported symptoms are aches, chest congestion, and coughing. The reported symptoms could potentially change over time and Allstar needs to take into consideration potential changes that could occur based upon changing environmental factors. Technological Allstar is C) Marketing Objectiv es Allstars long-term marketing objectives are 1)Increase market share 10%+ 2)Increase net income annually by 20+ (annual increment) 3)Increase customer satisfaction to at least 60% 4)Increase consumer brand awareness to at least 85%The team will also evaluate results at the end of each period via the performance summary report and adjust the short-term strategy via the various input elements marketing strategy, marketing mix, pricing, promotion, sales force allocation, target markets and channels. Overall, we will adhere to our long-term plan to achieve our long-term objectives. D) Target Market Prior to determining the best way to market our product, we needed to identify our target market of consumers. In doing so, we sought to identify and visibility distinct groups of buyers who might prefer our product over our competitions product.Based on this, we aligned our advertising and promotion accordingly. When analyzing the market research, we find that young families, mature fami lies, empty nesters, and retired individuals accounted for over eighty-five percent of the cold, cough, and allergy market. Additionally, as Allround treats several different symptoms, it can be appealing to a large market with varying symptoms. Because of this, we used this demographic variable to identify our market. For psychographic considerations, the interests and opinions of the target market were considered. For example, we did not initially target young families.The original formulation of Allround included alcohol as an ingredient. Due to this ingredient, we did not market to young families for fear of an unintentional backlash from this demographic. We were aware that young parents would not approve a pharmaceutical company marketing a cold medicine with alcohol as an ingredient to buyers with young children. When we were able to reformulate our product, we removed the alcohol from Allrounds composition, and added young families to our target market. Another factor we not iced when analyzing the market research was an interest in the effectiveness of the product.We observed that members of our target market (young families, mature families, empty nesters and retirees) were primarily concerned with the effectiveness of a medicine, and had a smaller amount of concern for the price of the product. In other words, we deducted that members of this market group had the socio-economic background that would allow them to purchase a higher priced cold medicine if it was proven to be effective. By including both young and mature families in our target market, we believed we would see an append in usage. By nature, colds and coughs are contagious.Families living in close quarters are likely to share colds, and therefore increase the need for cold medicine. This was another significant variable we contemplated when identifying our target market. Also, minimum side effects is an appealing attribute of our medication. Both young and mature families have many wo rking parts, and we believe we can effectively target this group by touting our reduced side effects that allow families to go about on their daily routines. Geographic considerations involved reviewing the shopping habits of the target group. We sought to analyze where customers are going to purchase our product.According to the research, our target market shops predominately at grocery stores for cold and cough medicine. Because of this, we will geographically target our market at grocery stores. E) Positioning For value positioning, we are considering several factors to best position our product. We are pleased with the effectiveness of our product in regards to symptom relief. We believe that this will increase value in our product, and result in more than satisfied customers. This will also lead to repeat purchases from happy customers, and will increase the likelihood for customers to purchase other Allround products.This will allow us to introduce new Allround products to th e market. For positioning in regards to pricing, we are seeking to find the delicate balance between price and customer-perceived value. As Allround has a large portion of market share, we can factor in high mass of sales in our pricing plan. Higher volume sales can lead to a reduced unit cost and boilers suit, more significant profits in the long term. Because our customers view our product as effective in regards to cold symptoms, we can increase the price a bit to reinforce the notion that Allround may be a little more expensive but overall, it is worth the slightly higher price.Factors also used to determine the price positioning of Allround will also include our competitions pricing, customer satisfaction, and overall brand awareness. As line extensions are introduced, we will elect to use either a market penetration or skimming strategy, depending on the product and target market. The strategy used in the future will be determined after an in-depth analysis of the market and evaluation of the new produce. For Allrounds advertising in regards to positioning, we will continue to increase the advertising budget.This will allow Allround to remain on the high-end value side of the market while simultaneously keeping cubic yard with our competitors. Allround is in the mature stage, so the advertising message will focus on monitoring device messages. The reminder message will be used to set out repeat purchases and serve as a reminder that Allround is the superior cold medicine. For Allrounds promotion in regards to positioning, we will devote a portion of our budget only when needed. Times when our promotional budget will increase will likely be if there is a decrease in Allrounds market share, or to chip a competitors new product.When Allround introduces a line extension, we will not devote the majority of our advertising budget to promote it. Rather, we will aim for a low to medium advertising expense, and carefully direct our message. Line extension a dvertising will be informative in an effort to create awareness of the product. It will also be used to highlight the relationship the product has with Allround. Because Allround is a leader in the market with heightened brand awareness and consumer confidence, the relationship with Allround can be used to our advantage.When Allround introduces a brand new product, we will use a medium to high advertising expense. The new product will be in the introduction stage in its product lifetime cycle, so advertising will need to be used more. The advertising message for new products will be informative, seek to help customers form a preference for the new product, and reassure customers that the new product is as good as Allround Though advertising strategies vary for Allround, line extensions and new products, we will use the same channel decision strategy for all products. This strategy will be used disregarding of the products life cycle stage.We will maintain a channel sales force acc ording to demand for the products. When a channel segment is experiencing growth, we will increase the amount of sales force present at these locations. For Allround, these high-volume sales channels are grocery stores and chain drug stores thus far. Because of this, we have allocated more salesmen at these channels. Our strategy is to continue to monitor the level of sales at the different channels, and increase sales force at channels where sales are ripening and/or have the potential for large amounts of growth.F) Product Currently, the Allround brand has the highest brand awareness and conversion ratio amongst its competitors. Consumers view the brand positively and it has the highest market share in OTC cold medicine. The main emphasis on the product is the brands effectiveness over the various categories and limited side effects. The medical community is recommending products that do not produce side effects. For this reason, the team has made the decision to market products that do not contain alcohol. Product PositioningAllstars value proposition to consumers is to offer products that will meet all their cold medication needs, providing high-quality products with multi-symptom relief without adverse side effects. We feel that with the reputation of the Allround brand, consumers are willing to pay for a high-quality product that meets his or her needs. We will emphasize the future(a) four key areas 1. High Quality Product/Competitive Price Offer products that are high quality and at a competitive price to maximize net income up to the point that consumers will tolerate. . Product Benefits Offer products that will meet the needs of the consumer from a multi-symptom perspective that will make them satisfied with our products and motivate them to repurchase. 3. Product Differentiation Multi-symptom solution compared to competitors, such as, Besthelp 4. Side Effects Offer products that calumniate negative side effects, such as removing alcohol content to gain more physician recommendations. G) Price The pricing strategy will rely upon the following key factors 1)Inflation/Deflation 2)Consumer purchase decision criteria )Balancing the tradeoff between price and symptom relief 4)Analysis of competitor pricing / competitor product offering / historical pricing We will monitor the tradeoff graph in the PharmaSim module each period to ensure that we are pricing the product close to the optimal line (price vs. symptom relief). Thus far, we have learned that we need to continue increasing our prices to keep up with inflation and make some manual modifications to the price depending on the previous periods price increase while monitoring what is happening in the future period regarding the economic factors.Consumers purchase decision criteria will be the one of the main decision factors in determining how we price our product each period. We determined that the key element in the consumer purchasing decision is product effectiveness for Al lround, which we can measure by customer satisfaction. We need to ensure that our product has the highest level of customer satisfaction each period. By linking customer satisfaction with performance-based pricing, we believe we will be successful. Since products offered are at different stages of the product life cycle, we will position the pricing appropriately for each product.As Allround is in the mature stage, we will take advantage of the consumer loyalty and try to maintain an optimum price to reap advances from this product line to help with the financing of other product introductions. We will price new products competitively using penetration pricing based upon where the competitors are in the market and once consumer loyalty and market presence are established, we will increase the pricing to an optimal level as to maximize net income, while continuing to increase our market share. H) publicity For Allround, we plan to use a combination of push and pull strategies.For th e most part, we will use a pull strategy for Allround as the product is in the mature lifecycle and we need to continue to advertise and contribute funds to the consumer promotion budget using trial sizes, coupons, points of purchase, and co-op advertising. Our push strategies will include our sales force to help promote the brand and detailers to help obtain recommendations from the medical community. We will use trade allowances as a way of enticing the sales channels to buy at the higher volume by decreasing the lowest volume discount and increasing the highest volume discount.When introducing new products, we will use the same trade allowances as Allround and decrease the discounts once the new products establish a market presence over future periods. We believe that this strategy will help us achieve higher unit sales, as we will entice the channels to buy at the larger volumes as they will benefit from a larger discount. As the new products mature, we will gradually decrease t he volume discount to maximize our net income. In period 4, we decided to allocate 70% of all funds to Allround and 30% to Allround+.As the majority of the sales are still with Allround and the product is still Allstars moneymaker, we did not want to allocate too many funds into the new brand Allround+. As we introduce other products, we will establish a long-term strategy of allocating funds as follows to our product line Allround40% Allround+30% Allright30% Advertising For Allround, we will use various advertising messages depending where we are in the product cycle. We initially will focus on benefits and reminder advertising, as well as continue to use comparative advertising against Besthelp.On new products, our strategy will focus on heavy special and benefit, with some comparative advertising. As the product ages, we will place emphasis from primary to benefits and reminder advertising. For Allround, the advertising message is Relieves Aches, Clear Nasal Congestion, Reduces Chest Congestion, Suppresses Cough, Minimizes Side Effects, and wont Cause Drowsiness. We added Wont Cause Drowsiness when we removed the alcohol from Allround and got rid of Dries Up Runny Nose as we already have a message of Clear Nasal Congestion, which could be confusing to consumers.I) Place ( scattering) The period zero sales report shows that direct distribution channels are almost twice as much as indirect distribution channels (direct distribution channels account for 63. 4% of sales, while indirect distribution channels account for 36. 7% of sales). Because of this, we will prioritize direct channels for our distribution. The direct channel sales are motivated by volume discount and promotional allowances these two factors impact overall shelf space for Allround.Volume discount and promotional allowance are factors for indirect channels as well, so we will use this information in our marketing mix with regards to promotion. We will adjust these volume discounts and promot ional allowances after each period to correspond with channel growth rates and sales. J) Evaluation and Control We will employ various methods to evaluate our performance after each period. We determined that an in-depth analysis after each period is essential to maintain our product as a leader in the market. The company dashboard and performance summary will serve as primary tools in this analysis.This is where we will gather information regarding our marketing strategy, mix, promotions, sales force and price we will use this information to compare how effective we were in achieving the marketing goals aforementioned. Another method we will use to evaluate our performance is by analyzing the percentage of changes in each of our decision points. For example, we will calculate the percentage of growth in our sales force, our product price and our advertising budget. We will then cross-reference these calculations with our overall performance in the period.An increase in price of 3. 5% may cause a negative trend in our market share because of this, we will look to adjust our price to better capture market share. By performing similar calculations and comparative analysis, we hope to identify any positive or negative trends and adjust accordingly. While changes will occur, our overall marketing approach will not change drastically. We will adjust as our line is extended and new products are launched due to differences in the marketing life cycle of each product, but the core of our marketing strategy will remain relatively unchanged.

Marketing Paper Heineken Essay

Heineken is a Dutch beer brewery go with, which was founded in 1863, when Gerard Adriaan Heineken bought a small brewery in Amsterdam called The Haystack. In 1900 the high society came up with it nowadays famous five-point star. In 1914 the confederacy began expanding, starting with the crossingion of their own bottled beers. By 1914 the lodge was integrity of the most(prenominal) loved import beers in the United States.From about 1948 Heineken began promoting their beer on a large scale. With slogans as Heerlijk helder Heineken (meaning Delicious clear Heineken) and Good flock bring groundwork Heineken. In 1968 Heineken comes up with an universe that will be used for everyplace 30 years, the barrel with an attached draft pipe. This way an innkeeper only has to connect the barrel from the outside. In the alike(p) year Heineken in addition takes over their rival company Amstel.However, Amstel will keep its own identity and they will twain follow protestent strategies. In the first 1980s Heineken is avail equal to(p) in 145 countries around the world. After the fall of the Wall in 1989, Heineken will even expand further into easterly Europe. For instance, Heineken acquires Brau Beteiligungs A.G. (BRAG), in 2003. Until now, that is still the largest acquisition in Heinekens history. In 2005 Heineken comes up with an innovative system that would take over the merchandise places once more The portable Heineken Draught keg.In 2010 Heineken is active in 170 countries and still trying to expand. They have 120 breweries globally, and employ 54.000 people. In the 120 breweries Heineken owns, Heineken brews more than 200 various kinds of beers and ciders, Heineken Premium beer organism the most famous one.In Heinekens Annual Report of 2009 Heineken has stated that 18 percent net ingathering in net clams. They reported tax revenue of 14.701 million their net profit was 1.055 million. Their revenue of 14.701 million came from a consolidated beer volu me of around 125 million hectoliters.1Heineken N.V. and Heineken prop N.V. Stock exchange and commission schemeHeineken N.V. and Heineken Holding N.V. atomic number 18 both represented on the Stockexchange list. Heineken Holding holds 50.005 % interest in Heineken N.V. FEMSA holds a 9.245% interest in Heineken N.V. The foreswear float interest in Heineken N.V. is 40.75%.Larche Green N.V., is owned by the Heineken family for 88.75% and by Greenfee B.V., which owns the remaining 11.25%. Larche Green N.V. holds a 50.075% interest in Heineken Holding N.V. FEMSA holds a 14.94% interest in Heineken Holding N.V. Free float interest in Heineken Holding N.V. represents 34.94%.2We have put a stock exchange and c entrance scheme in Appendix A.Products, Geographical Markets and Market PositionsAs Heineken brews around 200 different kinds of beers and ciders, we will first state a couple of placeable put up names. However aft(prenominal) that, we will focus on the Heineken Premium Pilsne r, or Heineken Premium instalment. We will differentiate on the premium divide because differently our paper will become to elaborate.ProductsHeineken most famous brand is Heineken Premium Beer. downstairs I will mention other brand names that Heineken brews in their breweries. I chose to name the products they brew in occidental Europe this is due to the fact that Heineken is Europes largest and leading beer brewer.In Europe the most brewed beers and ciders that Heineken brews argon Heineken Amstel Desperados Gsser Strongbow EdelweissFor a radical over vox populi of all the beers that Heineken brews in the worlds, you plenty visit http//www.heinekeninternational.com/products_brands_brands.aspx For the relevance of this paper, it is non necessary to name all these brands.Geographical MarketsBelow you will demote a table with the geographicalal distribution of consolidated beer volume, this is off al of the beers and ciders Heineken brews in the world. In thousands of hect olitres3 2010 % Western Europe 45,394 31.1 primal and Eastern Europe 42,237 29.0 Africa and the MIddle East 19,070 13.1 The Americas 37,843 25.9 Asia Pacific 1,328 0.9 Consolidated beer volume 145,872 100 The premium segment is listed below.Segment Volume Percentage Western Europe 7,600 29,3% telephone exchange and Eastern Europe 2,800 10,8% Africa and the affectionateness East 2,100 8,2% North and South America 9,000 34,7% Asia Pacific 4,400 17,0% Total 25,900 100% Market positionsWestern EuropeIn Western Europe Heineken is tradeplace leader in countries including The U.K., The Netherlands, France and Italy. Heineken is the number two as beer brewer in countries much(prenominal) as Belgium, Finland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal and Switzerland. Western Europe is a highly important segment for Heineken as a company, Europe as a whole has about 850 million inhabitants, and together they atomic number 18 consuming 40,1 percent of the total premium segment, on average on ly the Americas argon drinking more premium beer.Central and Eastern EuropeIn Central and Europe Heineken is also the largest beer brewer. Being the market leader in several countries Heineken brews 42.237 million liters of consolidated beers and ciders. The volume of Premium beer however is slightly low, only 10,8 percent.Africa and the Middle EastHeineken is becoming more and more successful in countries in Africa, afterward starting the Heineken Africa Foundation the brand has become highly popular in sub-Sahara countries. Due to the high population of expatriates, Heineken is able to sell premium beers in African and Middle Eastern countries.North and South AmericaThis is the only segment Heineken does not own a market leading position. Heineken does enjoy number two positions in Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Argentina. In 2010 their position was strengthened after get FEMSA.Asia PacificThe Asian market has been growing for multiple consecutive years. Heineken holds strong positio ns in Thailand, Vietnam, Australia, New Zeeland, Singapore and Taiwan. The fact that Heineken is a strong brand in Singapore is because of the earlier mentioned reason, the reason existence expatriates.Cultural issues affecting HeinekenWhen researching cultural issues, we thought of a case we had to deal with in the International Management II course. This case dealt with expatriates in Saudi Arabia. The common belief in Saudi Arabia is the Islam their holy book is the Koran. The Koran statesRegarding Alcohol The Holy Quraan states They ask Thee concerning Wine and Gambling, prescribe In them is great sin, and some profit, for men but the sin is greater than the profit. (Surah Al-Baqarah219)This convey that all Islamic people should refrain from alcohol. The fact that Islamic people should refrain from alcohol makes it hard for Heineken to find a market in Saudi Arabia for Heineken beers or other ciders containing alcohol. However, Saudi Arabia is a soil in which a lot of expat riates live and work. Expatriates are (by and large) western people, who do live according to the Koran. This means that these expatriates are able to drink a beer after work. The fact that this is able for expatriates makes it easier for Heineken to sell their brews in countries such as Saudi Arabia.However, this is the kind of problem Heineken mostly has to deal with. These kinds of problems are not hard to solve. We were not able to find more problems, only those that are similar to the problem we described above.We can conclude that Heineken is a very large MNE, Multi National Enterprise, however, we have not flow reviewed Heinekens current performance. In the following section of our report we will analyse the performance of Heineken N.V. over the go away five years. Therefore, will balance their pecuniary performance against another large brewers performance, namely SABMiller.Revenue (Change in % of the year before) Heineken SABMiller 2010 9.7% 4% 2009 2.7% 6% 2008 27.3 % 15% 2007 6.2% 22% 2006 9.6% 19% In this table the growth of the revenue is reviewed since SABMillers total revenue is more than Heinekens. Although Heineken unbroken growing their revenue in the last five years, their competitors revenue kept growing as wholesome. SABMiller generated even a bigger growth of their revenue compared to Heineken. Therefore we can state that although Heineken has increased their revenue in times of financial crisis, this does not imply that the performed extraordinary well compared to their competitors.According to John Hagel III, John Seely Brown and Lang Daviso in their blog article on The best Way to Measure Company Performance (2010), the return to equity ratio is not the best way to measure company performance. A different view is the one from the shareholders since ROE focuses on the net income per share, it is a very commonly used system to measure companys performance by shareholders. Therefore, this method is used in this paper and if we would use other methods our paper will become to elaborate.Concluding from this table we can state that Heineken performed better over the last five years then one of its main competitors in terms of Return on Equity. ROEs between 15% and 20% are considered desirable Heineken met this standard very well. Although SABMiller is not coping with a low Return on Equity, they are nevertheless unable to meet that standard. ROE (Return on equity) Heineken SABMiller 2010 14,1% 12,6% 2009 19,7% 13,4% 2008 22,7% 12,2% 2007 20,7% 12,5% 2006 18,6% 11,5% To summarize, both Heineken and SABMiller asseverateed a high level of growth over the last five years their revenue kept growing. Despite both companies kept growing their revenue, a look at the Return on Equity ratio shows that Heineken is more profitable then SABMiller. It is save to state that Heineken has financially performed well over the last five years.International market segmentationInternational market segmentation can be descr ibed as the process of dividing the inbuilt market into smaller market segments. According to Hollensens Essentials of global merchandise (2008) at that place are 4 steps a company has to take spot segmenting the right market, these steps can be found in appendix B. In this section, Heinekens international segmentation strategies are discussed following these four steps.Hollensens first step is the selection of the relevant segmentation criteria, every market has its characteristics, Heineken had to select the criteria that were relevant for them. Heineken had to take in account measurable factors such as the geographic location, language, industrial structure and political factors. In addition, they had to take in account factors that have a low degree of measurability, such as cultural characteristics and attitudes and tastes.Not all these factors are relevant for Heineken the language is not that relevant to a brewing company, however, the taste of the consumer is. Heineken a lso segmented their merchandise market using other characteristics. Important characteristics for Heineken are age, e.g. minimal drinking age alcohol consumption, e.g. heavy or casual drinker tastes, e.g. they might prefer sweeter beer to Heineken and geographic location, e.g. the distance to the brewery.The second step is the development of appropriate segments. In this step Heineken had to find markets and market segments that match their relevant selection criteria. The third step is the privacy taper of segments to narrow down the list of markets/countries to choose from and make a decision.This screening process can be divided into two steps, first the preliminary screening, countries/markets both external criteria and national resources have to be taken into account. Secondly the fine-grained screening where the firms competitive power in different markets should be taken into account. Heineken selects in this step the market segments where they want to participate in.The forth step is to develop subsegments in each qualified country and across countries. In this step Heineken turns its macro segments from step three to micro segments they further define their market segments.Market targetingTargeting is the process of evaluating potential identified segments to select the one with the highest potential (Hollensen, 2008). Heinekens target markets consist of younger to middle aged people. Heinekens marketing activities are focused on this segment they want their market segment to relate Heineken beer to sport events, festivals and nightclubs. Heineken is successful in addressing this consumer segment they are the preferred premium beer for a large market share. This target market does not differ a lot among countries, although they adjust their marketing to each market, these adjustments are minor ones.Market positioningMarket positioning can be defined as the process of creating a preferable brand image in the minds of the target groups of a company . It is not only preferable for companies to establish a positive brand image, but a positive identity for their products and organization as well. Market positioning is important to Heineken Heineken puts many resources in advertising and positioning projects. When a company considers market positioning, they are likely to use the four Ps, Product, Price, Place and Promotion. We will briefly introduce these concepts and we will examine them further in a different section of this article.The four Ps are the marketing mix all these aspects should be taken in consideration when constructing a marketing program that delivers superior value (Kotler & Armstrong, 2005). Heineken is actively using its marketing mix to position themselves as a positive brand for their target market. Heineken is involved in several market positioning activities, for example, Heineken is one of the main sponsors of the UEFA Champions League, one of the largest soccer leagues in Europe. Their goal with sponsor ing this league is for their target market to relate Heineken with this sport event, so creating a positive brand image.Another example of a market positioning activity that Heineken is involved in will be the sponsorship of a plan hall in the Netherlands, namely the Heineken Music Hall. Again, their goal is that their targeted customers are gaining affection with the positive experience of the concert and the brand Heineken.In addition, Heineken is opening and sponsoring fully brand bars around the world. Heineken sponsors these bars and you can find their brand logo almost everywhere. Heineken allocates many resources to their marketing department in order to do this around the world this results in brand recognition everywhere. This is again a advanceal activity conducted by Heineken to establish a better market position.Product strategiesThe product system is a marketing plan of a specific product accommodated to for instance the target market, desired product positioning wi thin the market, and profit objectives. or so always product strategies are based on the four Ps, financial targets, and budgets of the producing company. Now, a deeper look in the product strategies of Heineken shall be made.Firstly, Hollensen(2008)4 states that in that location are three levels of a product. These three levels include the core product benefits, the core attributes and the support serves (figure below).As the figure shows at that place is a high surmisal of standardizing elements of products at the level of core product benefits, medium possibilities to standardize in the product attributes level, and a low possibility of support services organism standardized. picThe most eye-catching core product benefits of Heineken include the technology, most important the patented technology used to brew the beer and giving it the distinguishable taste Heineken is known for. Heineken does not change the brewing process in any foreign market it explores (Anthony Ruys, 200 5)5 so no matter where Heineken is consumed the taste will be exactly the same. as well as the perceived value is a major core benefit for Heineken, Heineken is such a large brewery with so many (geographically dispersed) market that it is recognized all over the world, people in foreign markets see Heineken as a luxury beer and this is exactly what Heineken intended when entering the market, for example Heineken promotion strategy in when entering the USA market Heineken hired a vast amount of actors to go to luxury bars and hotels and keep asking for a Heineken beer, when this continued over a long period those bars and hotels were almost forced to use Heineken.Salient detail a test with blindfolds regarding several breweries, Heineken finished almost at the tooshie of the list, when the same experiment was conducted with the names of the breweries in sight Heineken was the undisputed number one. (Peters, 2001) 6 Looking at the product attributes it is remarkable that Heineken h old ups almost the exact same size, looks , and countersink out in every foreign market to get a high recognition rate. So the design, packaging, and quality are practically the same in every foreign market, this way their brand name and status is strengthened.Because of this Heineken also tries to keep the product attributes standardized. Hence two slogans of Heineken Serving the planet and meet you there, meaning wherever one may go the familiar Heineken beer will be around.Finally there is the support services level, this is the level with the lowest standardization in the company. Heineken has many marketing involvements in bars and hotels and host numerous events.The biggest example of Heinekens support service in their home country the Netherlands is the Holland Heineken house, It is a portable bar which is up and running on the scene at major sporting events (world cup soccer etc.). these events and marketing opportunities are not as easy to standardize like for instance the production process. For the simple reason that it is an unpredictable aspect of the company.Market adit and distribution strategiesHeineken started exporting in 1876 with rule-governed shipments to France, twelve years after taking over de Hooiberg (another dutch brewery established in 1592), but Heineken kept a low profile concerning the export. Only after the son of Gerard Adriaan Heineken took over, the export of Heineken experienced a big growth with market entries in for example the United States.The United States were a vast growing market but it came to a sudden hold in the 1920s when the prohibition act or Volstead act was initialized. By 1970 however Heineken was available in 70 percent of retail outlets in the United States mostly because of Heinekens distribution process. After this success Heineken began exporting to practically every corner in the world.According to Hollensen (2008) entry strategies for foreign market are divided in two groups. When a company goes ab road and has to choose a entry mode a annotation should be made in internalizing and externalizing foreign investment strategies. As can be seen in Appendix C7. hierarchical modes offer to most internalization where export modes require the most externalization. Between these two extremities are the intermediate modes. These modes will be discussed in the next paragraphs and will show which mode Heineken adapted.Firstly, the hierarchical modes which covers the internal factors. This includes the international experience of a company and what the size of the company is. When Heineken went to the United States it had very expressage international experience. Also, back then, Heineken was the largest brewery in the Netherlands, but compared to the world The Netherlands is a very small market so Heineken had a restricted size. It also includes product complexity and differentiation. The product complexity when Heineken expanded to the United States was very low, after all at that time it only produced Heineken beer, only later on the made products adjusted to several foreign markets and product differentiation was created.Secondly, the export modes which cover the external factors. There are a vast amount of external factors with the most important one the social an cultural distance between the home and the host country. Cultural and social distance between countries like The Netherlands and Belgium or Germany are not that big, however there were a lot of competitors present in the same branch in that period so Heineken decided to expand elsewhere.For instance in the United States there were few competitor because of the prohibition. But when a western company wants to expand in Asia or in Arabic countries there is a huge social and cultural distance. In the 1970s Heineken started to lucre more attention to the foreign markets and built up their social awareness which decreased the sociocultural distance.The mode with the most externalization is the export mode . In this mode the company has the choice between withdraw-, indirect-, and cooperative export entry mode. With the indirect export entry mode the company is mildly interacting with the foreign market due to the fact that an independent organization will distribute the companys product. There is low risk and low commitment but there is also low control of the local distributer etcetera. Furthermore there is the direct market entry mode, in this mode the company is directly exchange to a importer in the desired foreign market.The exporter will be in charge of the ins and outs and the up- and downstream functions and maintain well supported ties with the foreign market. When both the indirect- and the direct mode are not applicable the cooperative mode comes in the picture where there is a local importer dealing with the downstream functions (marketing, sales, services) and the exporter is in charge of the upstream functions within the local company (for example the R&D department). Heineken started off in the export mode not only because there was limited experience in foreign markets up till then. The company had to keep expanding because the market for breweries became ever more competitive, Heineken founded a new brewery in the Netherlands but also founded the Malayan breweries and breweries in Venezuela, Zaire and Italy. Furthermore Heineken took over several foreign breweries.Nowadays Heineken adopted a Hierarchical mode for the market entry this means that it is fully owned and controlled by the company, but also the company bears the risk of its actions. Every market Heineken operates in. Heinekens headquarters are stationed in the Netherlands but there are several subsidiaries in foreign markets because the general assumption is that geographically dispersed markets differ a lot and many will require a different approach which are than dealt with by the subsidiaries.Promotion StrategiesAccording to Hollensen (2008) important are the promotion or the p erformance promises that the organization makes for its product or service in the target market. Regarding to product decisions, promotion of products can be adapted or standardized to foreign markets. Figure 1 (see appendix D), provides an overview of how products can be promoted in foreign markets. With regard to figure 1, Heineken seems to fit in the box of Straight Extension, since both the product and the promotion strategy of the company are standardized (one product, one message worldwide (Hollensen, 2008)). This is also stressed by Heinekens general promotion strategy across the globe, which effectively creates a connection between the brand and the customers.In addition, Herwin van den Berg, Marketing Director of Heineken in the Netherlands states that Marketing is about attracting, inspiring and binding consumers and ensuring timely wake-up calls to your own organization. Firstly, the Heineken company includes besides the well known Heineken brand, over 170 different, ofte n local, brands as well. This multi-brand strategy proves to be simple, but effective. The main idea of getting other suitable, local brands, is to serve Heineken as a premium beer alongside the acquired local brand. If some local brand proves to have a significant growth potential, the brand is of interest of the Heineken company.This form _or_ system of government actually creates a global position for, because the Heineken brand becomes recognized as being a premium beer. Secondly, according to the Heineken website (www.heinekeninternational.com), the company has developed a policy of Selling beer safely, this policy holds that professional Beer Promoters (BPs) sell and promote Heineken beer directly to the (potential) consumers This policy proves to be a successful promotion strategy in most countries, because this policy manages to satisfy all different constituencies of the company. Despite the use of BPs, Heineken strives to improve the overall safety and health of the Beer Promoters, since promoting beer can be quite hazardous.Therefore, Heineken developed policies in their breweries that cover all aspects that are influencing the working conditions of the BPs. In order to instruct and train the BPs for their job as a effective Beer Promoter all over the world, Heineken developed all kinds of training tools, varying from instruction DVDs and manuals, to leaflets and booklets. These training tools are continually being improved and redesigned to maintain a proper basis for imposeing the right strategy. Additionally, these training tools are translated in several languages, in order to maintain a general promotion strategy all over the world.Thirdly, when comparing the Heineken websites in different countries, it is obvious that Heineken uses the same promotion campaigns all over the world (examples Draught keg, Extra cold, Beertender) . What stands out are Heinekens green (premium) beer bottle on the homepage on each website, the use of bright green colors, a direct link to Heinekens Facebook page, and depending on the country, promotion campaigns such as Heineken Music or the UEFA Champions League. Besides the use of global marketing campaigns, some websites display local, country specific content as well (such as the new Heineken Ellipse glass).Additionally, most websites are fully translated, and some only partially in the foreign countrys language. Fourthly, when comparing the TV-commercials (www.youtube.com) of Heineken in different countries, it is obvious that the company promotes its premium beer and new products in quite the same way across the globe. The company actively promotes what seems to be the Heineken experience which holds that Heineken premium beer is being drunk in the same way by people all over the world. However, the company does produce country/region specific ads, with slight adjustments, mostly for the major markets.In Asia for example, the commercials seem to reflect that a Heineken premium beer can be gained after a hard day at work. In Latino countries, a Heineken premium beer stands for intimacy and closeness, and in the image of Heineken in Western countries is that nothing stands between a man and a Heineken premium beer. To conclude with, Heineken portrays itself as a global brand that makes the world just that little bit more enjoyable through its mentality and innovative products (Heineken Case, Sister.)Pricing StrategiesPricing policy is an important strategic and tactical competitive weapon that, in contrast to the other elements of the global marketing mix, is highly controllable and inexpensive to change and implement (Hollensen, 2008). The Heineken company sells premium beer, which holds that the beer is priced in upper segment of the beer market. By premium pricing, customers become perceived that Heineken beer is different from all other brands, in the sense of being of a higher quality. And so, the relative high price can be established simply because customers are willing to pay the higher price for the rattling and perceived quality. Moreover, by pricing the product relatively high, the product position in de minds of customers becomes on the desired (high) level.Since Heineken premium beer is a standardized product, there are little additional costs concerning modification of the product to foreign markets. Therefore, Heineken can adjust its prices easily to the purchasing power in a foreign market and so maintain its brand image of being a premium beer, by setting the price to the relative upper segment of a countrys local beer market. By conducting this policy, Heineken maintains a global image of being a premium beer.Moreover, in some foreign markets Heineken even has the advantage of the so called country-of-origin effect. Which holds that customers perceive a product made in a certain country of being of a desired quality. Apparently, the Netherlands have a high character in the global beer market, since, for example, the custom ers in the United States are willing to pay significantly more for Heineken premium beer. On average, for every 100 liters of Heineken beer shipped to the US, Heinekens profit is estimated on about 21 euros. In contrary, the average profit per 100 liters of Heineken beer in other countries is estimated on about 11.70 euros (Elsevier website).In short, Heineken is able to maintain its image of being a premium beer through both the general perception of being of a high/premium quality, and the corresponding price that has to be paid for Heinekens premium beer.Source Based on Keegan, 1995, pp. 489-94 and p498, Table 13.11 http//www.annualreport.heineken.com/nl/Een_kort_overzicht/index.htmlfinancials 2 http//www.heinekeninternational.com/ownership_cg.aspx3 http//www.annualreport.heineken.com/Other-information/countries-and-Brands/index.html4 Svend Hollensen Essentials of global marketing5 http//www.alcoholpreventie.nl/bestand/2005MarketingphilosophyofHeineken.pdf 6 Peters and Van Dam Di enen en verdienen (serve and earn) (2001) 7 Svend Hollensen Global Marketing (p. 280)

Actuarial Final Year Project

COMPUTATION MATHEMATICS III PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY BUSINESS PLAN ON AN ON GOING PROJECT ON PREMISES ALONG OJIJO ROAD PARKLANDS WESTLANDS COUNTY BY NAMEREG NO PERIS WANJIRU. FELIX MAIKO .. LILLIAN REGINA. OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN RESIDENTIAL BY & em destructioned by Felix Maiko Peris Wanjiru Lilian Regina abstract OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN AN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN BY Felix Maiko, Peris Wanjiru, Lillian Regina , This compilation consists of the full analysis and financial be about actual xp differenceiture of an on going business object plan along Ojijo road , it is a more ,like we would say sub urban residential stadium . It was actu solelyy a more of a resettlement of the growing population along the old and populated to the brim local estates like the old and sober Parklands and Ngara estates . It was majorly accelerated with the ongoing construction of the Thika supper highway that will bring life to the sickly part of the western part of Nairobi city. It is estimated that by the first family of construction 30 % of the city will gain from the supper highway directly or indirectly.TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement.. objective of study. Executive summary Ian Shihemi and associates.. The throw up.. hase construction.. Development Budget.. Sales Projection Location.. Market Description..Completion.. Sales Projection Execution of Project design and specification working class estimates.. preparation of tender and contract eals tendering. witness management. contract ecesis Sales and merchandising Project timelinesDesign for tender. construction.. market and gross gross. Acknowledgement We would like to thank the entire staff of Ian Shihemi and associates we ar extremely grateful to our forcing out coordinator Mr. Wamui and Mr. Njakeez Topali for their support , especi each(prenominal)y Mr.Peter Octopizzo who assisted us from the beginning to the end of the business jut out plan and gave guidance and a sense of direction to us. We ar very grateful to our lecturer Mr. Nderitu who with every(prenominal) odds barren gave completely his time to ensure we got the grip to continue with a computation spirit from the start. Special thanks to my coordinator Ms. Mary who helped me in compilation of my survey report, and all those mint (customers) who took time out of their busy schedules and gave us the information, which was essential for the completion of this project.These bulk have been instrumental in my research and business project work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The office of these business project plan was to determine the rate and response to the idea of constructing sub-urban estate in a less or more developing knowledge base. The important objective was to estimate the actual business plan come expenditure and the revenue and profit to be generated from the completion of the actual business plan. The project is ongoing and with our data plan and survey it will foresee the eve o f next the 3rd social class probably 36 months of hard construction, easily engine room and rancour sweet outcomes.Description and budget estimates are done and showed out clearly. . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a project proposal for the construction of a high class residential estate comprising of 800 Maiso mesh topologytes on a parcel of land situated along Ojijo road off Thika road, Parklands. The project has been conceived, designed and will be implemented by Ian and co-associates architects. The estimated development woo for the project is KES 5,600,000,000. 00 by calculations and precise figure. The project completion period shall take 12 months from ground breaking to hand over.Sales for 800 unit of measurements KES 10,000,000 will be in the range of KES 8,000,000,000. 00 Returns shall be in the range of KES 2,400,000,000. 00 with gross profits falling in the range of 43% percent. Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects is a dynami c property consulting partnership specializing in providing a one-stop service for the management and development of a variety of property development projects. It provides its clients, who may be property owners, developers or tenants, with the expertise to die a project through the complex development process from concept through to building completion.Depending on the requirements of their client, Ian and architects can provide a full or partial consulting service. The federations involvement can vary from sourcing suitable sites, arranging local authority approvals, managing the professional team or providing a shade project management service. The principals behind the firm have several years experience in designing and managing to completion several projects of various natures. THE PROJECT The project comprises the construction of 800 residential units each comprising of 3 bedrooms for Sale off Ojijo road on a subdivision measuring just about snow acres. 0% to 20% of the deoxycytidine monophosphate acres will be set aside for social amenities. The overall theme of the development would be one of maximizing on the plot spend whilst maintaining reasonable individual privacy within a Green Sustainability architecture. PHASED CONSTRUCTION In order to ease the impact of the overall constitute of the development it is proposed to carry out the construction in phases to be jointly agreed on with the client. Each 1 acre plot will have 9 units. The construction will be phased in 10 phases comprising of 80 units respectively.Each of the phases shall be planned to deliver units that are plump out and ready for occupation. This will facilitate pre-selling of just about of the units prior to the end of construction. This would be achieved through pro-active lucreworking with property managers and estates officers in large corporations and design of the internet. The foregoing will result in further cushioning of the net effect of the cost of financing t he project. In order to enable planning of major infrastructural requirements such as water storage and foul water judicature right from the outset, a master plan of the entire development shall be evolved.Thus the capacity of some of the facilities may initially exceed the needs of the accommodation provided, exclusively this would be done with the full knowledge that the development will grow to fully utilize the facilities provided. Auxiliary features include Paved walkways . Safe gated community nearness Inbuilt car parkings. Extra rain-water storage . Planted landscaped 24-hr. irrigated gardens. Solar power electrical wiring A choice of 3 different designs to shoot from. The country ambience would further be enhanced by having strategi omeny planted palm trees which would serve the added role of acting as wind breaks.DEVELOPMENT calculate The development budget is as follows 800 3 bedroom maisonettes in 10 blocks each measuring 9 acres. The development budget incl udes professional fees 1 structure details Type of houses 3 bedroom Maisonnettes. Gross floor domain per social unit m2 150m2 building Cost per m2 40,000including external works and consultancy fees Building Cost Per Unit including External Works, consultancy fees and Land KES 6,000,000 2 Construction cost breakdown Total Building worksincluding Infrastructure& Electric Fencing- KES 6,000,000 x 800 = KES 4,800,000,000 3. 00 Land Cost- 100 acres = KES8,000,000. 0 per acre x 100 acres=800,000,000 OVERALL PROJECT COST INCLUDING LAND= 4,800,000,000. 00 + 800,000,000= KES 5,600,000,000. 00 SALES PROJECTIONS 1. 11 Projected sale price per unit KES 10,000,000. 00 1. 12 Overall sales revenue=800 X 10,000,000= 8,000,000,000. 00 1. 13 Gross anticipated profit =KES 8,000,000,000. 00- KES 5,600,000,000. 00 =KES 2,400,000,000. 00 1. 14 Gross profit margin 43% As stated the houses and flats are readily low-priced to middle class kenyans going with the current gross growth and hard effort put across striving kenyans to have a place they plow home.Also fully furnished rooms will be available for an extra fee as stated in the final agreement if signed depending on the financial capability of the renderer LOCATION Ojijo road is situated 5 legal proceeding drive from Nairobis Central Business District and 5 proceedings drive from westlands off Thika road. The estate is connected to the mains water supply from the Nairobi Water and also is easily connected to electricity supply from KPLC. Developments in this cranial orbit are predominantly single family residences. The occupancy is predominantly homeowners.The majority of the buildings here are of high-class standard and are well constructed and maintained. MARKET DESCRIPTION disposed the proximity of the site to Nairobis CBD, well as the good communication available along Thika road, the site would realize good returns on a single family residential development. The planned development intends to maximize this potenti al by creating accommodation that is spacious whilst at the same time making optimum use of the space available. At the moment, there are similar developments in this area, consisting of single family maisonettes eg K.U BOMA ESTATE. COMPETITION In the locality of the planned development, there exist several properties which are either owned by the residents or are rental properties. The closest competition perhaps comes from the high-class K. U BOMA Estate and Ngoingwa Estate. SALES PROJECTIONS It is planned that trade the development for sale shall scram before the construction begins. Consequently it is anticipated that by the time the first block is completed there shall be an influx of funds that can either be utilized to start construction of the next phase.The sale price for each unit has been set at KES 10,000,000. 00. murder OF THE PROJECT Ian Shihemi and co-associates will in this provide the client with a full design/build service. This shall include 1. Design and speci fication Architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings shall be prepared and necessary approvals sought. During the various stages of the design, the client shall be kept fully informed and client approval sought prior to proceeding to the next stage. The applied science design shall be done by registered engineers under the guidance of Shihemi and co-associates.Detailed specifications shall be developed with close consultation with the client. 2. Project estimates Subsequent to completion of the design, a sum of money Surveying firm under the guidance of Ian and associate architects shall undertake construction cost estimates for the project for approval. finally giving the final verdict to , if the project should get down or stop. 3. Preparation of tender and contract documents After final design has been done and client approval obtained, tender documents shall be drawn up for the full ecumenical and specialist contractors.The specialist contract documents sh all be prepared with guidance from the relevant engineers. 4. Tendering Selected contractors shall be invited to tender for the various work packages. We shall then analyze the tenders returned and forward our pass to the client. 5. Contract documentation With the contractors having been selected, we shall draw up the required contract documents and enter into contract with the contractors on the clients behalf. 6. Project management Subsequent to the contracts existenceness signed and mobilization to the site, we shall provide superintendence and project management.This will entail ensuring that the project is brought in on time and under budget by unceasing monitoring of operations on site and remedying any issues that may prevent timely completion or cause expenditure to exceed the budget. 7. Contract validation We shall handle all matters relating to the various contracts including except not limited to stage payments, performance bonds, extensions of time and relationship s between the various trades involved in the projects execution. 8. Sales and merchandiseIn conjunction with an estate agency approved by the client, we have produced a presentation package to be used in the sales and merchandise of the units. PROJECT TIMELINES a) Design to Tender The design to tender process will take a total of 1 month. This will include commissioning of all engineering design, preparation of bills of quantities and obtaining of all relevant approvals for the development. b) Construction Construction of the entire project is estimated to take a maximum of 36 months.Actuarial Final form ProjectCOMPUTATION MATHEMATICS III PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDY BUSINESS PLAN ON AN ON GOING PROJECT ON PREMISES ALONG OJIJO ROAD PARKLANDS WESTLANDS COUNTY BY NAMEREG NO PERIS WANJIRU. FELIX MAIKO .. LILLIAN REGINA. OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN RESIDENTIAL BY & alter by Felix Maiko Peris Wanjiru Lilian Regina abstract OJIJO ROAD ESTATE BUSINESS PLAN AN ONGOING PROJECT PLAN BY Felix Maiko, Peris Wanjiru, Lillian Regina , This compilation consists of the full analysis and financial come actual xpenditure of an on going business project plan along Ojijo road , it is a more ,like we would say sub urban residential area . It was actually a more of a resettlement of the growing population along the old and populated to the brim local estates like the old and good Parklands and Ngara estates . It was majorly accelerated with the ongoing construction of the Thika supper highway that will bring life to the sickly part of the western part of Nairobi city. It is estimated that by the first year of construction 30 % of the city will gain from the supper highway directly or indirectly.TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement.. objective of study. Executive summary Ian Shihemi and associates.. The project.. hase construction.. Development Budget.. Sales Projection Location.. Market Description..Completion.. Sales Projection Execution of Project desig n and specification project estimates.. preparation of tender and contract eals tendering. project management. contract administration Sales and marketing Project timelinesDesign for tender. construction.. market and sales. Acknowledgement We would like to thank the entire staff of Ian Shihemi and associates we are extremely grateful to our project coordinator Mr. Wamui and Mr. Njakeez Topali for their support , especially Mr.Peter Octopizzo who assisted us from the beginning to the end of the business project plan and gave guidance and a sense of direction to us. We are very grateful to our lecturer Mr. Nderitu who with all odds barren gave all his time to ensure we got the grip to continue with a computation spirit from the start. Special thanks to my coordinator Ms. Mary who helped me in compilation of my survey report, and all those people (customers) who took time out of their busy schedules and gave us the information, which was essential for the completion of this project.The se people have been instrumental in my research and business project work. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The character of these business project plan was to determine the rate and response to the idea of constructing sub-urban estate in a less or more developing area. The main objective was to estimate the actual business plan come expenditure and the revenue and profit to be generated from the completion of the actual business plan. The project is ongoing and with our data plan and survey it will foresee the eve of next the 3rd year probably 36 months of hard construction, good engineering and mordant sweet outcomes.Description and budget estimates are done and showed out clearly. . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This is a project proposal for the construction of a high class residential estate comprising of 800 Maisonettes on a parcel of land situated along Ojijo road off Thika road, Parklands. The project has been conceived, designed and will be implemented by Ian and co-associates architects. Th e estimated development cost for the project is KES 5,600,000,000. 00 by calculations and precise figure. The project completion period shall take 12 months from ground breaking to hand over.Sales for 800 Units KES 10,000,000 will be in the range of KES 8,000,000,000. 00 Returns shall be in the range of KES 2,400,000,000. 00 with gross profits falling in the range of 43% percent. Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects Ian Shihemi and co-associate architects is a dynamic property consulting company specializing in providing a one-stop service for the management and development of a variety of property development projects. It provides its clients, who may be property owners, developers or tenants, with the expertise to take away a project through the complex development process from concept through to building completion.Depending on the requirements of their client, Ian and architects can provide a full or partial consulting service. The companys involvement can vary from sourcin g suitable sites, arranging local authority approvals, managing the professional team or providing a complete project management service. The principals behind the firm have several years experience in designing and managing to completion several projects of various natures. THE PROJECT The project comprises the construction of 800 residential units each comprising of 3 bedrooms for Sale off Ojijo road on a subdivision measuring just about 100 acres. 0% to 20% of the 100 acres will be set aside for social amenities. The overall theme of the development would be one of maximizing on the plot use whilst maintaining reasonable individual privacy within a Green Sustainability architecture. PHASED CONSTRUCTION In order to ease the impact of the overall cost of the development it is proposed to carry out the construction in phases to be jointly agreed on with the client. Each 1 acre plot will have 9 units. The construction will be phased in 10 phases comprising of 80 units respectively.Ea ch of the phases shall be planned to deliver units that are complete and ready for occupation. This will facilitate pre-selling of some of the units prior to the end of construction. This would be achieved through pro-active networking with property managers and estates officers in large corporations and use of the internet. The foregoing will result in further cushioning of the net effect of the cost of financing the project. In order to enable planning of major infrastructural requirements such as water storage and foul water electric pig right from the outset, a master plan of the entire development shall be evolved.Thus the capacity of some of the facilities may initially exceed the needs of the accommodation provided, but this would be done with the full knowledge that the development will grow to fully utilize the facilities provided. Auxiliary features include Paved walkways . Safe gated community nearness Inbuilt car parkings. Extra rain-water storage . Planted landsc aped 24-hr. irrigated gardens. Solar power electrical wiring A choice of 3 different designs to use up from. The country ambience would further be enhanced by having strategically planted palm trees which would serve the added role of acting as wind breaks.DEVELOPMENT calculate The development budget is as follows 800 3 bedroom maisonettes in 10 blocks each measuring 9 acres. The development budget includes professional fees 1 Building details Type of houses 3 bedroom Maisonnettes. Gross floor area per Unit m2 150m2 Building Cost per m2 40,000including external works and consultancy fees Building Cost Per Unit including External Works, consultancy fees and Land KES 6,000,000 2 Construction cost breakdown Total Building worksincluding Infrastructure& Electric Fencing- KES 6,000,000 x 800 = KES 4,800,000,000 3. 00 Land Cost- 100 acres = KES8,000,000. 0 per acre x 100 acres=800,000,000 OVERALL PROJECT COST INCLUDING LAND= 4,800,000,000. 00 + 800,000,000= KES 5,600,000,000. 00 SAL ES PROJECTIONS 1. 11 Projected sale price per unit KES 10,000,000. 00 1. 12 Overall sales revenue=800 X 10,000,000= 8,000,000,000. 00 1. 13 Gross anticipated profit =KES 8,000,000,000. 00- KES 5,600,000,000. 00 =KES 2,400,000,000. 00 1. 14 Gross profit margin 43% As stated the houses and flats are readily affordable to middle class kenyans going with the current gross growth and hard effort put across striving kenyans to have a place they call home.Also fully furnished rooms will be available for an extra fee as stated in the final agreement if signed depending on the financial capability of the renderer LOCATION Ojijo road is situated 5 minutes drive from Nairobis Central Business District and 5 minutes drive from westlands off Thika road. The estate is connected to the mains water supply from the Nairobi Water and also is easily connected to electricity supply from KPLC. Developments in this area are predominantly single family residences. The occupancy is predominantly homeowner s.The majority of the buildings here are of high-class standard and are well constructed and maintained. MARKET DESCRIPTION addicted the proximity of the site to Nairobis CBD, well as the good communication available along Thika road, the site would realize good returns on a single family residential development. The planned development intends to maximize this potential by creating accommodation that is spacious whilst at the same time making optimum use of the space available. At the moment, there are similar developments in this area, consisting of single family maisonettes eg K.U BOMA ESTATE. COMPETITION In the locality of the planned development, there exist several properties which are either owned by the residents or are rental properties. The closest competition perhaps comes from the high-class K. U BOMA Estate and Ngoingwa Estate. SALES PROJECTIONS It is planned that marketing the development for sale shall commence before the construction begins. Consequently it is antic ipated that by the time the first block is completed there shall be an influx of funds that can either be utilized to start construction of the next phase.The sale price for each unit has been set at KES 10,000,000. 00. motion OF THE PROJECT Ian Shihemi and co-associates will in this provide the client with a full design/build service. This shall include 1. Design and specification Architectural, structural, mechanical and electrical drawings shall be prepared and necessary approvals sought. During the various stages of the design, the client shall be kept fully informed and client approval sought prior to proceeding to the next stage. The engineering design shall be done by registered engineers under the guidance of Shihemi and co-associates.Detailed specifications shall be developed with close consultation with the client. 2. Project estimates Subsequent to completion of the design, a criterion Surveying firm under the guidance of Ian and associate architects shall undertake con struction cost estimates for the project for approval. finally giving the final verdict to , if the project should commence or stop. 3. Preparation of tender and contract documents After final design has been done and client approval obtained, tender documents shall be drawn up for the general and specialist contractors.The specialist contract documents shall be prepared with guidance from the relevant engineers. 4. Tendering Selected contractors shall be invited to tender for the various work packages. We shall then analyze the tenders returned and forward our recommendation to the client. 5. Contract documentation With the contractors having been selected, we shall draw up the required contract documents and enter into contract with the contractors on the clients behalf. 6. Project management Subsequent to the contracts being signed and mobilization to the site, we shall provide superintendence and project management.This will entail ensuring that the project is brought in on tim e and under budget by uninterrupted monitoring of operations on site and remedying any issues that may prevent timely completion or cause expenditure to exceed the budget. 7. Contract administration We shall handle all matters relating to the various contracts including but not limited to stage payments, performance bonds, extensions of time and relationships between the various trades involved in the projects execution. 8. Sales and marketingIn conjunction with an estate agency approved by the client, we have produced a presentation package to be used in the sales and marketing of the units. PROJECT TIMELINES a) Design to Tender The design to tender process will take a total of 1 month. This will include commissioning of all engineering design, preparation of bills of quantities and obtaining of all relevant approvals for the development. b) Construction Construction of the entire project is estimated to take a maximum of 36 months.